35 Prior to rumors of the acquisition, Intuit’s stock traded at 40 3/4. John Eckhouse, Large Microsoft Expenditures Intuit having $step one.5 Mil, San Francisco Chronicle, Oct. 14, 1994, at A1, A19. 336 Microsoft shares at the closing. Id. Based on Microsoft’s January 3, 1995 closing price of 60 3/16, each Intuit share receives over $80.
36 Come across Brian Livingston, Undocumented Screen Calls, InfoWorld, Nov. 16, 199″2, at 98 (Ex. 19); Doug Barney and Ilan Greenberg, ISVs Dampen Microsoft Furor to have OLE, InfoWorld, July 18, 1994, at 1.
38 Microsoft makes numerous presentations inside the nation you to definitely particularly get this to point and created papers from the demonstrations could have been offered to the new Justice Service.
39 For a more thorough discussion, see Miles B. Keyhoe, , HP Professional, Aug. 1994, at 40 (Ex. 17). Discover together with Microsoft Corporation, House windows NT and you may Customer-Servers Computing, May 1993.
42 “Installed base” in the economic literature “means the number of owners of a good who may be dependent on the manufacturer of the good for the provision of complementary goods.” Joseph Katten, Market Energy from the Exposure from a fitted Legs, 62 Antitrust L.J. 1, 4 (1993).
43 Joseph Farrell and Garth Saloner, Hung Feet and you will Compatibility: Invention, Unit Pre-Announcements, and Predation, Amer. Econ. Rev., Dec. 1986, at 940; Janusz A. Ordover and Garth Saloner, Predation, Monopolization, and you will Antitrust, in Manual from Commercial Providers 537, 565 (R. C. Schmalensee and R. Willis eds., 1989).
46 Come across, elizabeth.g., Paul A. David, Clio additionally the Economics away from QWERTY, Amer. Econ. Rev., May 1985, at 332; David A. Harvey, Transform required – Today!, Byte, Oct. 1, 1991, at 119.
48 Joer. Econ. Rev., Dec. 1986, supra, at 942; Jean Tirole, The idea away from Industrial Organization at 405, n.40 (1988)
Ergonomic Things Have chosen to take a seat to Performance, Resulting in an expanding Wave from Pc-Relevant Wounds
51 For the theoretical literature see, for example, the recent Symposium toward System Externalities in the Journal of Economic Perspectives, Spring 1994, the Symposium to your Compatibility, edited by Richard Gilbert in the Journal of Industrial Economics, March 1992, and the survey by Paul David and Shane Greenstein in the Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 1990. For an application to telecommunications, see Stanley Besen and Garth Saloner, The new Economics of Communication Conditions, in Changing the principles: Scientific Alter, In the world Competition, and you will Controls into the-Communication 177 (1989); for applications to broadcasting, see Stanley Besen and Leland Johnson, Compatibility Standards, Battle, and you will Invention in the Sending out Community (1986); for applications to ATMs, see Garth Saloner and Andrea Shepard, forthcoming in the Rand Journal of Economics, and Steven Salop, Deregulating Care about-Regulated Mutual Atm Communities, Econ. of Innov. and New Tech., 1990; and for computers, see Garth Saloner, Econ. Innov. New Tech., 1990, supra.
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52 This “network effect” has been described by numerous authors. In a recent Symposium in the Journal of Economic Perspectives, Michael Katz and Carl Shapiro write, “Consequently, as has long been recognized, the demand for a network good is a function of both its price, and the expected size of the network.” See also Jeffrey Rohlfs, A concept of Interdependent Demand for a communications Provider, Bell J. of Econ., Spring 1974, for an early reference, as well as Michael Katz and Carl Shapiro, Community Externalities, Competition, and Being compatible, Amer. Econ. Rev., er. Econ. Rev., Dec. swingtowns support 1986, supra: and other papers cited in Michael If, am and Carl Shapiro, Expertise Battle and Circle Effects, J. of Econ. Perspectives, Spring 1994.
53 See Julio J. Rotemberg and Garth Saloner, Interfirm Competition and you may Venture, Strategic Options, 1991, for an example of the power of network size.