Very first, the brand new mountain of your own matchmaking BP having Na consumption ranged by the times consumption, indicating one Na thickness get reflect the connection that have BP most useful than absolute Na intake do
There was a significant 3-way interaction between Na intake, energy, and obesity status for SBP (P=0.033); for DBP, the 3-way interaction was not significant, but there was a significant interaction between energy intake and obesity (P=0.005). In stratified models, the association of Na with SBP was stronger at lower energy intake (higher Na density) than at higher energy intake (lower Na density) in both nonobese (interaction of Na with energy; P<0.001) and obese (interaction of Na with energy; P=0.028); the association of Na and DBP by energy intakes was similar (interaction of Na with energy, P=0.005 nonobese; P=0.049 obese). On the control diet at 2300 mg Na intake in the nonobese, SBP was 4.7 mm Hg (95% CI, 1.0, 8.5) higher at 2100 kcal compared with 3200 kcal (Figure 3A), and DBP was 3.1 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.7, 5.5) higher (Figure 3C). In obese at 2300 mg Na intake on the control diet, there were no differences in SBP (0.6 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?3.8 to 4.9; Figure 3B) or DBP (1.8 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?1.0 to 4.5; Figure 3D) between 2100 and 3200 kcal. On the DASH diet at 2300 mg Na, there were no significant differences in SBP at 2100 versus 3200 kcal regardless of obesity status (2.5 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?1.0 to 6.0 for nonobese and ?1.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?6.0 to 3.4 for obese). On the DASH diet at 2300 mg Na, DBP was higher at 2100 versus 3200 kcal in the nonobese (2.1 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.1–4.4), but not in the obese (?0.3 mm Hg (95% CI, ?3.2 to 2.6).
Figure 3. Interaction of absolute Na intake and energy intake on blood pressure at 3 energy levels stratified by obesity status, indicating 3 levels of Na density (L, I, and H), among normal and overweight (body mass index [BMI] <30 kg/m 2 , A and C) and obese (BMI?30 kg/m 2 , B and D) participants on the control diet. The vertical line is drawn at 2300 mg absolute Na intake. Error bars represent ±1 SE. Results from mixed-effects models of continuous Na and energy, adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, cohort, diet type (DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] or control), clinical center, and carryover effects stratified by obesity status. DBP indicates diastolic blood pressure; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Dialogue
It investigation try held to decide perhaps the dating anywhere between Na and you will BP may vary with times intake. Several key findings emerged. 2nd, since the in earlier times said, the effect from Na avoidance was attenuated in the means regarding the new Dash diet compared with the fresh control diet plan, recommending one to aspects of diet and influence the latest BP reaction to changes in Na consumption. 5,several,thirteen And additionally attenuating the brand new BP reaction to Na, the brand new Dashboard eating plan and additionally decreased BP, in keeping with evidence you to areas of eating plan, also a heightened intake regarding potassium, on their own lower BP. 14 Third, the brand new organization regarding Na having opportunity intake for the BP proceeded whenever the new analyses was stratified of the competition, with the exception of DBP among whites. 4th, which have stratification because of the obesity reputation, big variations in BP from the opportunity consumption were noticed among those have been nonobese compared to heavy.
Whilst Dash–Na research controlled Na occurrence, rather than natural Na consumption, the first outcome of so it trial had been translated in terms of Na consumption in the place of Na thickness. Having less reporting performance by the Na occurrence get echo brand new absence of study for the times consumption in lots of education. Assessment of relationship away from Na thickness having death within the observational studies have offered combined results. The analysis away from Na thickness which have death from the NHANES II follow-right up data (Federal Health and Diet Examination Questionnaire) and you can regarding NHANES III suggested an inverse organization regarding Na and you can cardiovascular disease death, even in the event considering Na regarding time consumption. fifteen,sixteen In these knowledge, although not, Na and effort intake have been estimated on one twenty four-hr bear in mind, which is not sufficient to imagine an individual’s usual slimming down intake on account of higher day-to-day version in Na consumption and effort intake as well as their proportion. After that, energy consumption is implausibly reduced in each other education. You’ll be able to the noticed relationships anywhere between Na intake and heart disease mortality could be informed me of the not as much as-reporting bias, that’s, in the event the obese individuals report lower Na thickness and are generally more likely to perish away from cardiovascular disease, new observed relationships could possibly get echo brand new impact away from being obese unlike diet. The most up-to-date proof out of a prospective cohort study (n=716, 19-12 months follow-up) aligns for the consequence of the current analysis, which have reported incidence of aerobic occurrences doubly high among those regarding the highest as opposed to lower quartile away from Na thickness (22% as opposed to 11%, respectively; P=0.005) centered on 7-go out dining suggestions accumulated at baseline. 17